TLDR;  "Fees & Fines"

FINRA is a purportedly not-for-profit membership based organization but their Revenue and Expenses are not easily discernible, at least not in public sources like CharityNavigator:

https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/521959501

FINRA likely generates the vast majority of its income from membership fee's that include a percentage of funds placed through the member firm.  It's easy to guess that Goldman Sachs is the largest contributor here and your average funding portal is not.

We could probably get a good guesstimate based on the number of member firms, states registered in, and the public bragging FINRA does about the fines it levies, though the vast majority of those fines are likely procedurally levied and privately not disclosed unless you scoured the public accounting of the member firms and see if they reported them in their expenses.

FINRA also manages the Central Registration Depository or CRD (aka brokercheck) and likely gets some funding from federal and state regulators to prop it up.  Ironically the OTC reporting facility is managed by NASDAQ, thus forcing firms to pay a minimum of $500/month to a "competitor" for the privilege of supplying trade data to FINRA.

Expenses could also likely be surmised based on the number of locations

https://www.finra.org/about/locations

likely rents and on the number of employees (3,600) and the average salary information which is disclosed in their rotating job posts that constantly need filling due to the high turn over rates.  See Glassdoor for former employee sentiment:

https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/FINRA-Reviews-E108071.htm

With the year over year decline for over a decade in the number of registered reps and broker-dealers it is just a matter of time before the organization will be forced to downsize, as it is now there are more employees at FINRA than there are firms to monitor:

https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2021/05/25/number-of-registered-reps-falls-for-fifth-straight-year-finra/

Your average funding portal contributes about $2,200 per year and napkin math based on the number of registered portals in good standing suggests that they probably all combined contribute a maximum of $250,000 year to the top line -- even if we generously doubled it to $500K it is clear that funding portal operations is likely losing money for the organization based on the composition and likely compensation of that group. 

It is certainly true of the vast majority of broker-dealers of which some numbers suggest that up to 90% of the membership base are "small member firms" which has lead some current and former members suggesting that you'll get better treatment at your DMV than you will as an average member firm.

Most of the problems FINRA has it creates for itself, and could likely be solved with two simple changes to their operating and membership agreements:

1. Provide Model Documents for their member firms, and
2. Establish Service Level Agreements

Things I have long publicly advocated.

There is certainly room for a competitor SRO in the US, and one likely based on a cooperative model where the actual costs of operations are disclosed and fee's apportioned to members based on actual usage.  Your local power company, for example, is ALSO a licensed monopoly but must obtain approval from the granting authority to set or raise rates.

At the end of the day, the SEC cannot simply offer us "choice" in the form of "do you want it or not" -- especially given the arbitrary and capricious manner in which FINRA unequally enforces the rules.  The two items I called out above would go a long way to curing that and improving member relations.

-dvd

Yes!  It is amazing how common it is for founders to publicly pitch investments in their companies.  This is not always illegal.  There are some securities exemptions under which this is allowed (e.g. Regulation Crowdfunding (but with some limitations) and Rule 506(c)).  But most founders have not consciously chosen a securities exemption so they may inadvertently be breaking the law.

Here is a breakdown from KingsCrowd for the most popular security types for Regulation Crowdfunding (Reg CF) in 2022 so far:

As the figures show, the most popular security types in Reg CF in 2022 are:

1. SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) - $128.8M, 41%

2. Equity (Common) - $114.7M, 36%

3. Equity (Preferred) - $55.4M, 17%

4. Convertible Note - $17.9M, 6%

One can see that the type of security offered also various by platform, as platforms tend to prefer (or avoid) certain financial instruments. 

For example, SAFEs are the most popular on Republic and Wefunder, while StartEngine is primarily Equity (Common).

For more details on security types in equity crowdfunding deals and their differences, check out the article I wrote here:

https://crowdwise.org/crowd-investing-101/part-4-deal-types-equity-crowdfunding/

Glad to learn of your interest in regulated investment crowdfunding (#RIC).

Yes, there are a few upcoming events in the space ... 

SuperCrowd22 will include a Who's Who in regulated crowdfunding and will examine the intersection of crowdfunding and impact investing. It is a web-based event being co-hosted by the Crowdfunding Professional Association (CfPA), Brainsy, and many other impactful organizations September 15-16 (registration link is here: https://www.supercrowd22.com/httpssupercrowd22comtextandpercent20otherpercent20experts-register-joinpercent20thepercent20supercrowd ) For more info, follow up with Devin Thorpe

Equity Crowdfunding Week is another event that takes place a week later in person in LA (September 21-23) or online - https://www.startupstarter.co/ecw For more info, follow up with Etan Butler

Silicon Prairie Crowdfunding often hosts webinars on Wednesdays on various topics related to crowdfunding (for beginners to experienced hands) and you can see a list of their events at: https://www.meetup.com/silicon-prairie-fundraising For more info, follow up with David Duccini 

Stay tuned on the CfPA ECO as CfPA often hosts events or promotes the events of members organizations. 

Great question!

Impact crowdfunding is what is happening at the intersection of investment crowdfunding and impact investing.

As you know, investment crowdfunding was authorized by the bipartisan 2012 JOBS Act. It was initially implemented in 2016 with a $1 million cap, which was increased to $5 million last year. The space is mushrooming quickly.

Impact investing is less well known to our community but is a bigger global phenomenon dominated by wealthy families and institutions. They invest money for a financial return and a social mission. For instance, a venture capitalist backing Tesla in the early days would describe herself as an impact investor. She got a huge financial return and radically accelerated a transition to electric vehicles.

Investment crowdfunding allows for impact investing in the crowdfunding space. I call that impact crowdfunding.

SuperCrowd22 is a conference we're holding on September 15-16, 2022, to help everyone learn more about the space, both from an investor standpoint and from a social entrepreneur standpoint.

Don't miss it!

http://SuperCrowd22.com

This is a great question!

You should expect to spend about 10 percent of the money you raise on the costs of the offering, excluding marketing. I'd caution against spending money on marketing but remember it will take a lot of work.

Some legal and accounting costs will have to be paid before you can begin raising money. That would typically be at least $5,000 and could easily total 3 to 5 percent of the offering, depending on your circumstances.

The portal will also charge fees. They vary in structure and size but expect to pay 5 percent or more.

Yes! Absolutely!

Many people believe, I say correctly, that one day soon, we'll use blockchain to record title to all manner of physical or tangible objects, from boats and cars to real estate. The immutable, public nature of blockchain would be perfect for this purpose.

The trick will be for the blockchain community to fully embrace the regulatory and governmental aspects of legal ownership of non-digital assets.

I love crowdfunding because it helps people who traditionally have had trouble accessing capital. Women and BIPOC founders now have a new path to funding. Small businesses that are integral parts of a community, like restaurants, can now raise money from their customers. Our country is richer because of crowdfunding and getting richer every day.